Land-Based Heat Waves

Cases

Case bounds were derived from the Wikipedia heat wave lists, ECMWF Severe Event Catalogue, and regional BOM/NIWA reports and sized to enclose the area of >= 3 consecutive heat wave days. Each candidate case was retained only if the ERA5 2-meter temperature anomaly within the box exceeded the 85th percentile of the 1990–2019 climatology.

We identified the heat waves from the following sources:

• Heat waves in the United States
• Severe Event Catalogue
• List of heat waves - Wikipedia
• 2024 European heatwaves - Wikipedia
• 2023 heat waves - Wikipedia
• 2023 European heatwaves - Wikipedia
• 2023 Asia heat wave - Wikipedia

US-based events

1. 2021 Western North America heat wave - Wikipedia
2. 2021 PNW heat wave
3. 202106 - Heatwave - N.America
4. Verification points:
   • Seattle
   • Portland
5. International points: Calgary AB, Lytton BC
   Id: 1
6. Upper midwest May 2022
7. List of heat waves - Wikipedia
8. 2022 North American heat waves - Wikipedia
9. Chicago, Memphis, DC, Philadelphia
   Id: 2, 6
10. Western to southwestern US - 2nd week of June 2022
11. List of heat waves - Wikipedia
12. 2022 North American heat waves - Wikipedia
13. California, Texas, St Louis
14. Id: 3
15. Arizona and Utah July 2022
16. Heat wave responsible for multiple deaths across US | Fox News
17. 2022 North American heat waves - Wikipedia
18. Id: 4
19. 2023 Western North America heat wave - Wikipedia
20. Verification points:
    • Seattle
    • Portland
21. International points: Lytton BC, Mexico City
22. Id: 5
23. Texas end of May 2024
24. 2024 North America heat waves - Wikipedia
25. Verification points: Brownsville TX
26. New England June 2024
27. 2024 North America heat waves - Wikipedia
28. Verification points:
    • Caribou Maine
    • Boston
    • NYC
    • DC
29. Widespread US heat July 2024
30. 2024 North America heat waves - Wikipedia
31. Verification points
    • Las Vegas, Palm Springs, NYC
32. Upper midwest and mid atlantic August 2024
33. 2024 North America heat waves - Wikipedia
34. Map Shows 2 States Break Heat Records Amid Soaring Temperatures - Newsweek
35. Verification points:
    • Chicago
    • Columbus
    • DC
36. International points:
    • 202408 - Heatwave - Canada

Worldwide events

Note 3 of the US-based events also cross into international events

1. Antarctica 2024
2. 2024 Antarctica heat wave - Wikipedia
3. Aug 9-11 2024 - Canada
4. 202408 - Heatwave - Canada
5. Cross-listed with fires
6. August 2024 - Australia
7. Heatwave brings Australia's winter weather to an abrupt end as climate change up-ends the seasons - ABC News
8. July 2024 - Japan
9. 2024 Japan heatwaves - Wikipedia
10. June 2024 - Saudi Arabia
11. ClimaMeter - 2024/06/16-18 Saudi Arabia Heatwave
12. June 2024 - Europe
13. 2024 European heatwaves - Wikipedia
14. Lots of dates in here but many records broken in late June in UK, Ireland, Finland, Greece, Bosnia and more
15. May 2024 - Mexico city
16. 2024 North America heat waves - Wikipedia
17. May/June 2024 - India and Pakistan
18. 2024 Indian heat wave - Wikipedia
19. 2024 Pakistan heat wave - Wikipedia
20. Southwest Western Australia. Nov 2023.
21. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/statements/scs78.pdf?20240202
22. Id: 7
23. Sep 2023 - UK and Ireland and France
    1. 2023 heat waves - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 8
24. Aug 19 - 25 2023 - South western Europe
    1. 202308 - Heatwave - South-Western Europe
    2. Id: 10
25. South America - July- Sep 2023 winter/spring heat wave
    1. 2023 South America heat wave - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 11
26. July 16 2023 - China (x2)
    1. 2023 Asia heat wave - Wikipedia
    2. Sanbu Township, Xinjiang
    3. Id: 12, 13
27. July 15 - 27 2023 - Southern Europe
    1. 202307- Heatwave - Southern Europe
    2. Id: 9
28. July 18 2023 - Sub-Saharan Africa
    1. 2023 heat waves - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 14
29. April 24 - 28 2023 - Spain and Portugal
    1. 202304 - Heatwave - Spain and Portugal
    2. 2023 heat waves - Wikipedia
    3. 2023 European heatwaves - Wikipedia
    4. Id: 15
30. April 26 to 28 2023 - North Africa
    1. 2023 heat waves - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 16
31. April 16 - 22 2023 - India
    1. 2023 Asia heat wave - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 17
32. Europe Dec 2022
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202212+-+Heatwave+-+Europe
    2. Id: 19
33. UK - Aug 2022
    1. 202208 - Heatwave - UK
    2. Id: 20
34. Western Europe - July 2022
    1. 202207 - Heatwave - W Europe
    2. 2022 United Kingdom heatwaves - Wikipedia
    3. Id: 21
35. Western Europe - June 2022
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202206+-+Heatwave+-+Western+Europe
    2. Id: 22
36. Europe - June 2022
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202206+-+Heatwave+-+Europe+2
37. Japan - June- August 2022
    1. 2022 Japan heat wave - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 23
38. India and Pakistan - May 2022
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202205+-+Heatwave+-+India%2C+Pakistan
    2. Id: 24
39. March 15-19 2022 East Antarctica
    1. The Extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “Heat” Wave. Part I: Observations and Meteorological Drivers in
    2. Cross-listed with heat
    3. Id: 25
40. Australia January 14-23 2022
    1. 2022 heat waves - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 26
41. Mediterranean - Aug 2021
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202108+-+Heatwave+-+Mediterranean
42. Western Europe - Aug 2020
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202008+-+Heatwave+-+Western+Europe
43. Eurasia winter heat wave - Feb 2021
    1. 2021 Eurasia winter heat wave - Wikipedia
44. South Eastern Europe - May 2020
    1. ​​https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202005+-+Heatwave+-+SE+Europe
45. Russia - June 2021
    1. 2021 heat waves - Wikipedia
46. Canada - early June 2021
    1. List of heat waves - Wikipedia
    2. Id: 27
47. UK and Ireland - July 2021
    1. 2021 British Isles heatwave - Wikipedia
48. New Zealand 25-28 January
    1. https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/annual/annual-climate-summary-2021
    2. Id: 28
49. Australia Dec 2019 - Jan 2020 (black summer).
    1. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/statements/scs73.pdf
50. Australia 4 Nov - Dec 7 2020.
    1. Widespread heatwaves across much of Australia.
51. April 15-16 and April 18-19, 2020 Arctic
    1. https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/FCST/202004+-+Heatwave+-+Arctic
52. January 2023 South Africa
    1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42865-024-00068-9